Conjunctivitis, commonly known as pink eye, is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, which is the clear tissue that lines the inner surface of the eyelids and covers the white part of the eyeball. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, allergens, or irritants. Understanding how to treat and prevent conjunctivitis is essential for maintaining good eye health.

Types of Conjunctivitis

There are three main types of conjunctivitis:

• Bacterial Conjunctivitis: Caused by bacteria, this form is highly contagious and often produces a thick, yellow-green discharge.
• Viral Conjunctivitis: Usually associated with viral infections like the common cold, this type may cause watery eyes and is also contagious.
• Allergic Conjunctivitis: Triggered by allergens such as pollen, pet dander, or dust mites, this form is not contagious and is characterized by itchy, red, and watery eyes.

Symptoms of Conjunctivitis

Symptoms can vary depending on the cause but generally include:

• Redness in one or both eyes
• Increased tear production
• Itching or burning sensation
• Discharge from the eye, which may be watery or thick
• Sensitivity to light
• Gritty feeling in the eye

Treatment Options

Bacterial Conjunctivitis

For bacterial conjunctivitis, healthcare providers often prescribe antibiotic eye drops or ointments. It’s important to complete the full course of treatment to ensure the infection is fully cleared.

Viral Conjunctivitis

Since viral conjunctivitis usually resolves on its own, treatment focuses on relief of symptoms. Using warm compresses on the affected eye can help reduce discomfort. Over-the-counter artificial tears may also provide relief.

Allergic Conjunctivitis

For allergic conjunctivitis, the first step is to avoid allergens when possible. Antihistamine eye drops or oral antihistamines can help alleviate symptoms. Applying cold compresses can also provide comfort.

Prevention Strategies

Preventing conjunctivitis involves several simple hygiene practices:

• Hand Hygiene: Wash your hands frequently with soap and water, especially after touching your face or eyes.
• Avoid Touching Your Eyes: Try to keep your hands away from your face unless they are clean.
• Discard Contaminated Items: Items like towels, pillows, and eye makeup should be regularly cleaned or disposed of to prevent spreading infection.
• Use Personal Items: Avoid sharing personal items like eye drops, cosmetics, or towels.
• Manage Allergies: If you suffer from allergies, take steps to manage them effectively to prevent allergic conjunctivitis.

When to See a Doctor

While many cases of conjunctivitis can be treated at home, it’s important to seek medical attention if you experience:

• Severe pain in the eye
• Vision changes
• Intense redness in the eye
• Symptoms that worsen or do not improve with home treatment

Understanding how to treat and prevent conjunctivitis is vital for eye health. By following good hygiene practices, recognizing symptoms early, and seeking appropriate treatment, you can effectively manage this common condition.