Renal cell carcinoma, or kidney cancer, is a type of cancer that originates in the lining of the small tubes in the kidney where blood is filtered to produce urine. It is one of the most common types of kidney cancer in adults, accounting for about 90% of cases.

Symptoms of renal cell carcinoma may include blood in the urine, lower back pain on one side, a mass or lump on the side or lower back, fatigue, unexplained weight loss, loss of appetite, and fever that is not due to an infection. However, in some cases, renal cell carcinoma may not cause any symptoms in its early stages.

Risk factors for renal cell carcinoma include smoking, obesity, high blood pressure, family history of kidney cancer, certain genetic conditions, long-term dialysis treatment, and exposure to certain chemicals and substances like asbestos, cadmium, and organic solvents.

Diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma typically involves a physical exam, imaging tests such as CT scans or MRIs, blood and urine tests, and a biopsy to confirm the presence of cancer cells. Treatment options for renal cell carcinoma may include surgery to remove part or all of the kidney, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, and in some cases, chemotherapy.

Early detection and treatment of renal cell carcinoma can improve outcomes and increase the chances of successful treatment. It is important for individuals to be aware of the risk factors, symptoms, and screening guidelines for kidney cancer, especially if they have any of the risk factors associated with the disease.